Digestive System Anatomy and Functions
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This flashcard set teaches Spanish vocabulary related to the human digestive system and its functions, with English translations and pronunciation guidance.
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Cards · 52
- la boca
- mouth [mowth] - The opening where food enters and mechanical digestion begins.
- los dientes
- teeth [teeth] - Hard structures used for chewing and grinding food.
- la lengua
- tongue [tuhng] - Muscular organ that manipulates food and aids in swallowing.
- las glándulas salivales
- salivary glands [SAL-uh-vair-ee glandz] - Organs producing saliva containing digestive enzymes.
- la saliva
- saliva [suh-LY-vuh] - Watery liquid that moistens food and breaks down starches.
- la faringe
- pharynx [FAIR-ingks] - The throat passage connecting mouth to esophagus.
- el esófago
- esophagus [ih-SOF-uh-guhs] - Muscular tube transporting food to the stomach.
- la deglución
- swallowing [SWAHL-oh-ing] - The process of moving food from mouth to esophagus.
- el bolo alimenticio
- food bolus [food BOH-luhs] - Ball of chewed food mixed with saliva.
- la epiglotis
- epiglottis [ep-ih-GLOT-is] - Flap of tissue preventing food from entering the trachea.
- el cardias
- cardia [KAHR-dee-uh] - Upper sphincter opening into the stomach.
- el estómago
- stomach [STUM-uhk] - Muscular sac that churns food and secretes digestive acid.
- el jugo gástrico
- gastric juice [GAS-trik joos] - Acidic digestive fluid produced in the stomach.
- el ácido clorhídrico
- hydrochloric acid [hy-druh-KLOR-ik AS-id] - Acid that sterilizes food and activates pepsin.
- la pepsina
- pepsin [PEP-sin] - Enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins.
- el quimo
- chyme [kyme] - Semi-fluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach.
- el píloro
- pylorus [py-LOR-uhs] - Muscular valve opening between the stomach and duodenum.
- el intestino delgado
- small intestine [smawl in-TES-tin] - Primary organ for nutrient digestion and absorption.
- el duodeno
- duodenum [doo-uh-DEE-nuhm] - First section of the small intestine receiving bile and pancreatic juice.
- el yeyuno
- jejunum [jih-JOO-nuhm] - Middle section of the small intestine specialized in absorption.
- el íleon
- ileum [IL-ee-uhm] - Final section of the small intestine absorbing B12 and bile salts.
- las vellosidades intestinales
- intestinal villi [in-TES-tin-ul VIL-eye] - Finger-like projections increasing surface area for absorption.
- el hígado
- liver [LIV-er] - Large organ producing bile and detoxifying chemicals.
- la bilis
- bile [byle] - Bitter fluid produced by the liver that emulsifies fats.
- la vesícula biliar
- gallbladder [GAWL-blad-er] - Small organ that stores and concentrates bile.
- el conducto biliar
- bile duct [byle duhkt] - Passage carrying bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum.
- el páncreas
- pancreas [PAN-kree-uhs] - Gland producing digestive enzymes and blood sugar hormones.
- el jugo pancreático
- pancreatic juice [pan-kree-AT-ik joos] - Enzyme-rich fluid neutralizing stomach acid in the intestine.
- la amilasa
- amylase [AM-uh-lace] - Enzyme that breaks carbohydrates into simple sugars.
- la lipasa
- lipase [LY-pace] - Enzyme that accelerates the breakdown of dietary fats.
- la tripsina
- trypsin [TRIP-sin] - Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down dietary proteins.
- el intestino grueso
- large intestine [lahrj in-TES-tin] - Organ responsible for absorbing water and forming stool.
- el ciego
- cecum [SEE-kuhm] - Pouch marking the beginning of the large intestine.
- el apéndice
- appendix [uh-PEN-diks] - Small tube attached to the cecum with immune tissue.
- el colon ascendente
- ascending colon [uh-SEN-ding KOH-luhn] - First part of the colon traveling upward on the right side.
- el colon transverso
- transverse colon [tranz-VURS KOH-luhn] - Middle section of the colon crossing the abdomen.
- el colon descendente
- descending colon [dih-SEN-ding KOH-luhn] - Part of the colon traveling downward on the left side.
- el colon sigmoide
- sigmoid colon [SIG-moid KOH-luhn] - S-shaped final loop of the colon leading to the rectum.
- el recto
- rectum [REK-tuhm] - Terminal chamber storing feces prior to elimination.
- el ano
- anus [AY-nuhs] - Muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract.
- el esfínter anal
- anal sphincter [AY-nuhl SFINGK-ter] - Ring of muscle controlling the release of feces.
- el peristaltismo
- peristalsis [pair-ih-STAWL-sis] - Wave-like muscle contractions propelling contents through the GI tract.
- la digestión mecánica
- mechanical digestion [mih-KAN-ih-kul dy-JES-chun] - Physical breakdown of food chunks into smaller pieces.
- la digestión química
- chemical digestion [KEM-ih-kul dy-JES-chun] - Enzymatic breakdown of complex molecules into absorbable nutrients.
- la absorción
- absorption [ab-ZAWRP-shun] - Uptake of digested nutrients into the bloodstream or lymph.
- la excreción
- excretion [ek-SKREE-shun] - Elimination of indigestible metabolic wastes and feces.
- la microbiota intestinal
- gut microbiota [guht my-kroh-by-OH-tuh] - Beneficial community of microorganisms residing in the gut.
- las heces fecales
- feces [FEE-seez] - Solid waste expelled through the anus.
- la mucosa gástrica
- gastric mucosa [GAS-trik myoo-KOH-suh] - Mucous membrane layer lining the stomach wall.
- el peritoneo
- peritoneum [pair-ih-toh-NEE-uhm] - Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and organs.
- la defecación
- defecation [def-ih-KAY-shun] - The physiological process of evacuating feces.
- la masticación
- mastication [mas-tih-KAY-shun] - The physical action of chewing food.