Inglés académico para preparatoria

Fichas · 55

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation based on limited evidence. Example: In biology, we formed a hypothesis about plant growth under blue light.

Variable

A factor that can change in an experiment. Example: Temperature was the independent variable in our chemistry lab.

Analyze

To examine methodically and in detail. Example: Students must analyze the poem to identify its main theme.

Synthesize

To combine different ideas into a coherent whole. Example: In history class, we synthesized information from three primary sources.

Evaluate

To judge the value or condition of something. Example: You need to evaluate the credibility of websites used for your research paper.

Evidence

Facts or information indicating whether a belief is true. Example: Cite textual evidence from the novel to support your claim.

Inference

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning. Example: The reader makes an inference about the character's hidden motive.

Thesis

A statement or theory put forward as a premise to be maintained. Example: Her essay thesis argues that the Industrial Revolution harmed rural workers.

Context

The circumstances that form the setting for an event or idea. Example: Understanding the historical context helps explain the author's tone.

Chronological

Arranged in the order of time of occurrence. Example: The timeline lists major World War II battles in chronological order.

Metaphor

A figure of speech describing an object in a non-literal way. Example: In English class, we identified the metaphor 'time is a thief.'

Symbolism

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. Example: The green light represents hope and longing in the novel.

Perspective

A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something. Example: The documentary presents the civil rights movement from multiple perspectives.

Bias

Prejudice in favor of or against one thing compared with another. Example: Historians must detect political bias in newspaper articles from the 1920s.

Coefficient

A numerical quantity placed before a variable in an expression. Example: In the algebraic term 5x, the number 5 is the coefficient.

Equation

A statement that two mathematical expressions are equal. Example: We solved a quadratic equation during our algebra exam.

Function

A relation between a set of inputs and permissible outputs. Example: The graph demonstrates a linear function with a positive slope.

Probability

The likelihood of a particular event occurring. Example: In statistics, we calculated the probability of rolling a six twice.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients. Example: Biology students measured the rate of photosynthesis in spinach leaves.

Ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Example: The wetlands represent a fragile ecosystem threatened by pollution.

Genetics

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. Example: In science class, we used Punnett squares to study pea plant genetics.

Velocity

The speed of something in a given direction. Example: Physics problems often require calculating velocity using distance and time.

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity per unit of time. Example: The physics lab measured the gravitational acceleration of a falling object.

Density

The degree of compactness of a substance (mass per unit volume). Example: We calculated the density of several metal blocks using water displacement.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. Example: The enzyme acts as a biological catalyst in human digestion.

Equilibrium

A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced. Example: The chemical reaction reached equilibrium after five minutes.

Correlation

A mutual relationship or connection between two things. Example: The graph shows a strong positive correlation between study time and test scores.

Causation

The action of causing something to occur. Example: Science teachers emphasize that statistical correlation does not prove causation.

Democracy

A system of government by the whole population or eligible members. Example: In civics class, we debated the differences between direct and representative democracy.

Legislation

Laws, considered collectively. Example: The government passed environmental legislation to limit carbon emissions.

Constitution

A body of fundamental principles according to which a state is governed. Example: Students memorized key amendments to the national constitution.

Scarcity

The state of being in short supply; shortage. Example: Economics begins with the concept of scarcity and unlimited human wants.

Inflation

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. Example: High inflation reduced consumer purchasing power across the nation.

Monopoly

The exclusive possession or control of the supply of a commodity. Example: Standard Oil was regulated to prevent an unfair market monopoly.

Plate Tectonics

The theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into moving plates. Example: Earth science explains earthquakes through the movement of plate tectonics.

Topography

The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. Example: Mountainous topography makes road construction expensive in this region.

Erosion

The gradual destruction or diminution of something by natural forces. Example: Coastal erosion caused the cliffs to collapse into the sea.

Paraphrase

To express the meaning of something written using different words. Example: Always paraphrase external sources and cite them to avoid plagiarism.

Plagiarism

The practice of taking someone else's work and passing it off as one's own. Example: The teacher warned that copying text from the internet is plagiarism.

Tone

The general character or attitude of a piece of writing. Example: The author's tone changes from optimistic to cynical in the final chapter.

Theme

The underlying message or main subject of a text. Example: The central theme of the novel explores the struggle between fate and free will.

Protagonist

The leading character or one of the major characters in a text. Example: The protagonist faces a difficult moral dilemma at the story's climax.

Antagonist

A person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something. Example: The villain acts as the main antagonist opposing the detective's investigation.

Foreshadowing

A warning or indication of a future event in a story. Example: The dark storm clouds serve as foreshadowing for impending conflict.

Alliteration

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at adjacent words. Example: The poet used alliteration in the line 'whispering winds wept.'

Irony

A state of affairs or event that seems contrary to what one expects. Example: It was dramatic irony that the fire station burned down.

Qualitative

Relating to measuring the quality of something rather than its quantity. Example: Interviews provided qualitative data regarding student motivation.

Quantitative

Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something. Example: The survey provided quantitative data through numerical ratings.

Empirical

Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience. Example: Scientists rely on empirical evidence rather than pure theory.

Derive

To obtain something from a specified source or originate from. Example: In calculus class, we learned to derive the formula for area under a curve.

Simulate

To imitate the appearance or character of something. Example: The computer lab allowed students to simulate planetary orbits.

Congruent

Identical in form and size when referring to geometric figures. Example: In geometry, two triangles are congruent if all sides and angles match.

Perpendicular

At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface. Example: Construct a perpendicular bisector across the line segment.

Parallel

Side by side and having the same distance continuously between them. Example: Parallel lines in Euclidean geometry never intersect.

Coordinate

A group of numbers used to indicate the position of a point. Example: Plot the coordinate pair (3, -2) on the Cartesian grid.