Mining Essentials
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This flashcard set covers essential mining terminology, methods, and machinery for students and professionals.
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Cards · 30
- Open-pit mining
- A surface mining technique used to extract minerals from an open pit in the earth, typically using large haul trucks and hydraulic excavators.
- Longwall mining
- An underground coal mining method where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice using a shearer and hydraulic roof supports.
- Dragline excavator
- A heavy civil engineering and mining machine used in surface mining to remove overburden above coal or mineral seams.
- Continuous miner
- A machine with a large rotating steel drum equipped with tungsten carbide teeth used in room-and-pillar underground coal mining.
- Room and pillar
- An underground mining method where material is cut across a horizontal plane, leaving pillars of untouched material to support the roof.
- Sublevel caving
- An underground mass mining method where ore is extracted via sublevels while the overlying waste rock caves in to fill the void.
- Block caving
- A large-scale underground mining method where an ore body is allowed to collapse under its own weight and is collected from drawpoints.
- Hydraulic monitor
- A high-pressure water jet equipment used in hydraulic mining to dislodge rock material or gold-bearing alluvium.
- Haul truck
- An off-highway, ultra-class dump truck specifically designed for high-production surface mining and heavy construction.
- Bucket-wheel excavator
- A continuous heavy-equipment surface mining machine utilizing a large wheel equipped with buckets to scoop material.
- Stope
- An underground excavation from which ore is extracted, typically found in vein-type or hard-rock underground mining.
- Raise boring machine
- A specialized mechanical rig used to drill a circular hole between two underground levels or from the surface to an underground level.
- Jumbo drill
- A hydraulic or pneumatic drilling rig mounted on a mobile chassis used in underground mining for blasting-hole preparation.
- Cut and fill stoping
- An underground mining method where ore is excavated in horizontal slices, and each slice is filled with waste material before the next is mined.
- Dredging
- A surface excavation method using a floating vessel equipped with scoops, buckets, or suction pumps to mine placer deposits underwater.
- Shrinkage stoping
- An underground mining method where ore is excavated upward in horizontal slices, leaving broken ore in place to support the walls.
- LHD (Load, Haul, Dump)
- A low-profile underground loader designed for scooping ore, transporting it through narrow shafts, and dumping it into trucks or chutes.
- Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)
- A massive continuous excavation machine used to excavate circular tunnels through hard rock or soft ground in underground mining.
- Auger mining
- A surface or underground method where a large helical drill bores horizontally into a coal seam exposed at a highwall.
- Placer mining
- The extraction of gold or valuable minerals from alluvial deposits using water power, sluice boxes, or pans.
- In-situ leach (ISL)
- A mining process used to recover minerals like uranium and copper by injecting a leaching solution into the ore body via wells.
- Highwall miner
- A uncrewed, remotely controlled continuous mining machine driven into an exposed coal seam from the pit floor of a surface mine.
- Top slicing
- An underground mining technique where ore is mined in horizontal slices starting from the top and working downward under a timber mat.
- Vibrating screen
- Industrial machinery used in mineral processing plants to separate ore particles by size prior to crushing or concentration.
- Jaw crusher
- A primary crushing machine in surface and underground plants that uses a fixed and a moving jaw plate to break hard rock.
- Ball mill
- A rotating cylindrical machine filled with steel balls used to grind ore into fine particles during mineral processing.
- Froth flotation cell
- Equipment used in mineral processing to separate valuable minerals from waste by floating hydrophobic particles on air bubbles.
- Slurry pump
- A heavy-duty centrifugal pump designed to transport abrasive and dense mineral slurries through pipelines.
- Roadheader
- A track-mounted underground excavation machine equipped with a boom-mounted rotating cutter head used for rock tunneling.
- Scalper / Scalping screen
- Heavy equipment used in processing to remove oversized rock or fine debris from primary crushed ore before secondary processing.