Presente Continuo en Inglés

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Affirmative structure of Present Continuous

Sujeto + am/is/are + verbo con -ing (gerundio). Ejemplo: I am studying.

Negative structure of Present Continuous

Sujeto + am/is/are + not + verbo con -ing. Ejemplo: She is not listening.

Question structure of Present Continuous

Am/Is/Are + sujeto + verbo con -ing + ? Ejemplo: Are you working?

I am working

Estoy trabajando (sujeto I usa am).

You are reading

Estás leyendo / Ustedes están leyendo (you siempre usa are).

He is sleeping

Él está durmiendo (he usa is).

She is cooking

Ella está cocinando (she usa is).

It is raining

Está lloviendo (it se usa para clima o cosas sin género).

We are learning

Estamos aprendiendo (we usa are).

They are playing

Ellos están jugando (they usa are).

Spelling rule: Most regular verbs (e.g., play, read, talk)

Simplemente se añade -ing al final del verbo base: playing, reading, talking.

Spelling rule: Verbs ending in silent -e (e.g., make, write, dance)

Se elimina la e final y se añade -ing: making, writing, dancing.

Spelling rule: Verbs ending in -ee (e.g., see, agree)

Se mantiene la doble e y se añade -ing: seeing, agreeing.

Spelling rule: Verbs ending in -ie (e.g., lie, die, tie)

La terminación -ie cambia a -y antes de añadir -ing: lying, dying, tying.

Spelling rule: CVC monosyllables (e.g., run, sit, swim)

Consonante + vocal + consonante: se duplica la última consonante: running, sitting, swimming.

Spelling rule: CVC ending in -w, -x, -y (e.g., fix, snow, play)

Nunca se duplican las letras w, x, y: fixing, snowing, playing.

Spelling rule: Two-syllable verbs with stress on the second syllable (e.g., begin, refer)

Si el acento cae en la última sílaba, se duplica la consonante: beginning, referring.

Spelling rule: Two-syllable verbs with stress on the first syllable (e.g., open, visit)

Si el acento va en la primera sílaba, NO se duplica la consonante: opening, visiting.

Primary usage: Actions happening right now

Acciones que ocurren en el momento exacto del habla (e.g., I am talking to you now).

Primary usage: Temporary situations around now

Situaciones temporales que no ocurren necesariamente ahora mismo (e.g., I am living with a friend this month).

Primary usage: Definite future arrangements

Planes fijos y confirmados para el futuro próximo (e.g., I am meeting John tomorrow).

Primary usage: Annoying repeated habits (with 'always')

Quejas o hábitos molestos usando always (e.g., You are always losing your keys!).

Time expressions: now, right now, at the moment

Expresiones temporales clave que indican el momento presente inmediato.

Time expressions: these days, currently, nowadays

Expresiones que indican situaciones temporales en el periodo actual.

Stative verbs definition

Verbos de estado, emoción o posesión que normalmente NO se usan en continuo (e.g., like, know, want).

Why is 'I am knowing the answer' incorrect?

Know es un verbo de estado; se debe usar Present Simple: 'I know the answer'.

Why is 'I am wanting a coffee' incorrect?

Want expresa deseo y es estático; lo correcto es 'I want a coffee'.

Stative vs. Dynamic: Think (opinion vs. mental process)

'I think it is good' (opinión, simple) vs. 'I am thinking about it' (proceso activo mental, continuo).

Stative vs. Dynamic: Have (possession vs. activity)

'I have a car' (posesión, simple) vs. 'I am having lunch' (actividad de comer, continuo).

Stative vs. Dynamic: See (perception vs. meeting)

'I see a bird' (percepción física, simple) vs. 'I am seeing the doctor' (cita acordada, continuo).

I am not watching TV right now.

No estoy viendo televisión ahora mismo.

He isn't eating his breakfast.

Él no está comiendo su desayuno (contracción isn't = is not).

We aren't doing anything wrong.

No estamos haciendo nada malo (contracción aren't = are not).

Are you listening to music?

¿Estás escuchando música? (Respuesta corta: Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.)

Is it working properly?

¿Está funcionando adecuadamente? (Pregunta con sujeto it).

Where are they going?

¿Adónde van ellos? / ¿Adónde están yendo ellos? (Wh- question).

What are you doing this weekend?

¿Qué vas a hacer este fin de semana? (Uso para planes futuros).

Why is she crying?

¿Por qué está llorando ella?

Lie -> Lying

Mentir / Recostarse: termina en -ie, cambia a -y antes de -ing.

Stop -> Stopping

Detenerse: monosílabo consonante-vocal-consonante, duplica la p.

Drive -> Driving

Conducir: termina en -e muda, se elimina al añadir -ing.

Travel -> Travelling (UK) / Traveling (US)

Viajar: en inglés británico se duplica la l; en inglés americano no.

Forget -> Forgetting

Olvidar: el acento recae en la segunda sílaba (for-GET), duplica la t.

Happen -> Happening

Suceder: el acento recae en la primera sílaba (HAP-pen), no se duplica la n.

Die -> Dying

Morir: termina en -ie, cambia a -y + ing.

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous: Frequency vs. Now

Present Simple describe rutinas y hechos generales; Continuous describe acciones en curso o temporales.

I live in Madrid vs. I am living in Madrid

'I live' implica residencia permanente; 'I am living' implica estancia temporal.

She speaks English vs. She is speaking English

'She speaks' expresa habilidad general; 'She is speaking' significa que está hablando ahora.

The climate is changing rapidly.

El clima está cambiando rápidamente (uso para tendencias y cambios en desarrollo).

Who is singing in the shower?

¿Quién está cantando en la ducha? (Pregunta de sujeto con Who).

Contraction of 'I am not'

La única forma común contraída es 'I'm not' (no existe 'amn't' en inglés estándar).

Contractions: He's / She's / It's

Contracciones afirmativas con is: He is = He's, She is = She's, It is = It's.

Contractions: You're / We're / They're

Contracciones afirmativas con are: You are = You're, We are = We're, They are = They're.