April Events and Observances

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This set covers significant historical events and interesting trivia associated with dates and observances throughout the month of April.

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April 1 - April Fools' Day origins
One popular theory traces it to France's 1564 Edict of Roussillon, which moved New Year's Day from late March to January 1, mocking those who forgot.
April 1, 1976 - Apple Computer founded
Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne founded Apple; Wayne sold his 10 percent stake just twelve days later for 800 dollars.
April 2 - International Children's Book Day
Celebrated annually on Hans Christian Andersen's birthday to inspire a love of reading and call attention to children's literature.
April 2, 1513 - Juan Ponce de León sights Florida
He named the land 'La Florida' in honor of Pascua Florida (Spain's Easter floral festival) rather than a search for a fountain of youth.
April 3, 1860 - Pony Express begins service
The mail service dramatically cut delivery time between Missouri and California to 10 days, but operated for only 18 months before bankruptcy.
April 3, 1973 - First handheld mobile phone call
Motorola engineer Martin Cooper placed the first public cell call to his chief rival, Joel Engel at Bell Labs, while walking in New York.
April 4, 1968 - Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Robert F. Kennedy broke the news to a crowd in Indianapolis, giving an impromptu speech that helped keep the city calm amid nationwide riots.
April 4, 1949 - NATO treaty signed
Twelve founding nations signed the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington, D.C., creating a mutual defense pact against Soviet expansion.
April 5, 1722 - European discovery of Easter Island
Dutch admiral Jacob Roggeveen sighted the isolated island on Easter Sunday, giving Rapa Nui its common European name.
April 6, 1896 - First modern Olympic Games open
Held in Athens, the first modern Olympics awarded winners silver medals and olive branches; runners-up received bronze medals and laurel.
April 6, 1917 - U.S. enters World War I
The United States formally declared war on Germany following the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram and renewed submarine warfare.
April 7 - World Health Day
Established by the inaugural World Health Assembly in 1948 to mark the founding of the World Health Organization (WHO).
April 8, 1974 - Hank Aaron breaks home run record
Aaron hit his 715th career home run in Atlanta, surpassing Babe Ruth's longstanding record despite facing months of racist death threats.
April 9, 1865 - Lee surrenders at Appomattox
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in the parlor of Wilmer McLean, whose first home was damaged at Bull Run.
April 10, 1912 - RMS Titanic sets sail
Titanic departed Southampton, England, on its maiden voyage with over 2,200 passengers and crew bound for New York City.
April 11, 1970 - Apollo 13 launches
An oxygen tank explosion two days later crippled the spacecraft, prompting the famous line 'Houston, we've had a problem here.'
April 12, 1961 - Yuri Gagarin becomes first human in space
His single orbit around Earth aboard Vostok 1 lasted 108 minutes, during which he was not allowed to manually control the spacecraft.
April 12, 1861 - American Civil War begins
Confederate artillery opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor; remarkably, nobody was killed during the 34-hour bombardment.
April 13, 1742 - Handel's 'Messiah' premieres
First performed in Dublin, Ireland, the concert raised money to release 142 men from debtors' prison.
April 14, 1865 - Abraham Lincoln shot at Ford's Theatre
Actor John Wilkes Booth timed his gunshot to a punchline in 'Our American Cousin,' hoping audience laughter would muffle the blast.
April 14, 1935 - Black Sunday dust storm
One of the worst dust storms in American history displaced an estimated 300 million tons of topsoil from the Great Plains in a single day.
April 15, 1912 - Sinking of the Titanic
The liner sank less than three hours after hitting an iceberg; the ship carried lifeboats for only about half the people aboard.
April 15, 1947 - Jackie Robinson breaks MLB color barrier
Starting at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Robinson became the first African American to play Major League Baseball in the modern era.
April 16, 1943 - Albert Hofmann discovers LSD's effects
The Swiss chemist accidentally absorbed a microscopic amount through his fingertips, leading to the world's first recorded acid trip.
April 17, 1961 - Bay of Pigs invasion begins
A CIA-sponsored group of Cuban exiles landed in southwestern Cuba in a botched attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
April 17, 1964 - Ford Mustang introduced
Unveiled at the New York World's Fair, Ford expected to sell 100,000 in the first year but reached that total in just three months.
April 18, 1775 - Paul Revere's midnight ride
Revere never shouted 'The British are coming!'; the mission was discreet, and colonists still considered themselves culturally British.
April 18, 1906 - Great San Francisco earthquake
Rupturing nearly 300 miles of the San Andreas Fault, the disaster destroyed over 80 percent of the city, mostly from subsequent fires.
April 19, 1775 - Battles of Lexington and Concord
The 'shot heard 'round the world' began the American Revolutionary War, though historians still debate which side fired first.
April 19, 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing
The domestic terror attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building killed 168 people, including 19 children in a day care center.
April 20, 1902 - Discovery of radium isolation
Marie and Pierre Curie successfully refined and isolated radium chloride salts after processing several tons of pitchblende ore.
April 21, 753 BC - Traditional founding of Rome
Roman mythology dates the founding to Romulus killing his twin Remus after a dispute over which hill to settle.
April 21, 1836 - Battle of San Jacinto
Texian forces under Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna's Mexican army in just 18 minutes, securing Texas independence.
April 22 - Earth Day established in 1970
U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson founded it after witnessing the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill; 20 million Americans mobilized for the first event.
April 22, 1915 - Second Battle of Ypres begins
German forces launched the first large-scale use of lethal poison gas (chlorine) on the Western Front during World War I.
April 23 - World Book and Copyright Day
Chosen by UNESCO because April 23 marks the death anniversary of both William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes in 1616.
April 23, 1985 - Coca-Cola introduces 'New Coke'
The reformulated soda caused massive public backlash, forcing the company to bring back the original formula as 'Coca-Cola Classic' 79 days later.
April 24 - Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
Commemorates the 1915 deportation and execution of hundreds of Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople.
April 24, 1990 - Hubble Space Telescope launches
Initial images were blurry due to a flaw in its primary mirror ground too flat by 2 micrometers, later fixed in a 1993 shuttle mission.
April 25 - ANZAC Day
Commemorates the 1915 landing of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps at Gallipoli, Turkey, forging national identity in both countries.
April 25, 1953 - DNA double helix structure published
James Watson and Francis Crick published their groundbreaking paper in Nature, heavily reliant on Rosalind Franklin's Photo 51.
April 25, 1974 - Carnation Revolution in Portugal
A military coup toppled the authoritarian Estado Novo regime almost bloodlessly; citizens placed red carnations into soldiers' rifle barrels.
April 26, 1986 - Chernobyl nuclear disaster
A flawed reactor design and operator errors during a safety test caused explosions that spewed radioactive material across Europe.
April 26, 1937 - Bombing of Guernica
German and Italian planes bombed the Basque town during the Spanish Civil War, inspiring Pablo Picasso's famous anti-war masterpiece.
April 27, 1994 - South Africa holds first multiracial elections
Millions of citizens cast ballots ending apartheid, leading to Nelson Mandela's inauguration as the nation's first Black president.
April 28, 1789 - Mutiny on the HMS Bounty
Fletcher Christian led a revolt against Lieutenant William Bligh, setting Bligh and 18 loyal crew members adrift in an open boat.
April 29, 1945 - Dachau concentration camp liberated
U.S. Seventh Army troops liberated Dachau, the first regular concentration camp established by the Nazi regime in 1933.
April 30, 1789 - George Washington inaugurated
He took the oath of office on the balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, which served as the first capital under the Constitution.
April 30, 1975 - Fall of Saigon
North Vietnamese forces captured the capital of South Vietnam, prompting Operation Frequent Wind and effectively ending the Vietnam War.
April 30 - Walpurgis Night
A traditional northern European festival on the eve of May Day celebrating Saint Walpurga, historically believed to ward off evil spirits.