English Grammar and Vocabulary Basics

Cards · 31

Declarative Sentence

A sentence that makes a statement and ends with a period. Example: The sun rises in the east.

Imperative Sentence

A sentence that gives a command or makes a request. Example: Please close the door.

Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark. Example: Where are my keys?

Exclamatory Sentence

A sentence that expresses strong emotion and ends with an exclamation point. Example: What a beautiful day!

Simple Sentence

A sentence consisting of one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Example: The dog barked.

Compound Sentence

A sentence with two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. Example: I wanted to go, but it rained.

Complex Sentence

A sentence containing an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Example: Although it was cold, we went outside.

Subject

The part of a sentence that tells who or what the sentence is about. Example: 'The big brown dog' ate the shoe.

Predicate

The part of a sentence that tells what the subject does or is. Example: The dog 'ate the shoe.'

Simple Subject

The main noun or pronoun in the complete subject. Example: In 'The hungry cat slept', 'cat' is the simple subject.

Simple Predicate

The main verb or verb phrase in the complete predicate. Example: In 'The hungry cat slept', 'slept' is the simple predicate.

Compound Subject

Two or more subjects in one sentence sharing the same verb. Example: Jack and Jill went up the hill.

Compound Predicate

Two or more predicates in one sentence sharing the same subject. Example: The dog ran and jumped.

Coherent Paragraph

A group of sentences that focus on one main idea and flow logically together. Example: A well-structured essay body paragraph.

Topic Sentence

The sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph. Example: Regular exercise provides many health benefits.

Supporting Details

Facts, examples, or reasons that explain and develop the topic sentence. Example: Exercise strengthens the heart and improves mood.

Elements of a Story: Setting

The time and place in which a story occurs. Example: London in the late 1800s.

Elements of a Story: Characters

The people, animals, or creatures in a story. Example: Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.

Elements of a Story: Plot

The sequence of events that make up a story. Example: Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

Elements of a Story: Conflict

The main problem or struggle faced by the characters. Example: A hero fighting a villain or surviving a storm.

Elements of a Story: Theme

The underlying message, moral, or lesson of a story. Example: Honesty is the best policy.

Fact

A statement that can be proven true or false with evidence. Example: Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.

Opinion

A personal belief, feeling, or judgment that cannot be proven true. Example: Chocolate ice cream is the best dessert.

Compound Word

A word formed when two smaller words are joined together. Example: Sun + flower = Sunflower; Rain + coat = Raincoat.

Affix

A word part added to the beginning or end of a root word to change its meaning. Example: Un- in happy = unhappy; -ful in joy = joyful.

Prefix

An affix added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Example: Re- (again) + write = Rewrite.

Suffix

An affix added to the end of a word to change its meaning or part of speech. Example: Quick + -ly (manner) = Quickly.

Comma

A punctuation mark (,) used to separate words or clauses in a sentence. Example: I bought apples, oranges, and bananas.

Period

A punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a declarative or imperative sentence. Example: She loves reading.

Question Mark

A punctuation mark (?) used at the end of a direct question. Example: How are you feeling today?

Exclamation Point

A punctuation mark (!) used to show strong feeling or emphasis. Example: Look out!