States of Matter & Atomic Structure
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Covers states of matter, phase changes, atomic structure, and the periodic table for students.
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Cards · 20
- Solid
- A state of matter with a definite shape and a definite volume; particles vibrate in fixed positions.
- Liquid
- A state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape; particles slide past one another.
- Gas
- A state of matter with no definite shape and no definite volume; particles move freely and spread apart.
- Melting
- Phase change from a solid to a liquid caused by adding thermal energy.
- Freezing
- Phase change from a liquid to a solid caused by removing thermal energy.
- Vaporization
- Phase change from a liquid to a gas, occurring through boiling or evaporation.
- Condensation
- Phase change from a gas to a liquid caused by cooling.
- Sublimation
- Phase change directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase.
- Deposition
- Phase change directly from a gas to a solid without passing through the liquid phase.
- Proton
- A positively charged subatomic particle located inside the nucleus of an atom.
- Neutron
- A neutral subatomic particle with no charge, located inside the nucleus of an atom.
- Electron
- A negatively charged subatomic particle located in electron shells outside the nucleus.
- Element
- A pure substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
- Molecule
- Two or more atoms chemically bonded together, which can consist of the same or different elements.
- Compound
- A substance formed when two or more different elements chemically combine in fixed proportions.
- Atomic number
- The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, determining the identity of the element.
- Atomic mass
- The average mass of an atom, roughly equal to the total number of protons and neutrons.
- Calculating neutrons
- Subtract the atomic number from the rounded atomic mass (Neutrons = Mass Number - Protons).
- Period (Periodic Table)
- A horizontal row on the periodic table indicating the number of electron shells an atom has.
- Group (Periodic Table)
- A vertical column on the periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties.