Year 9 Chemistry

Cards · 56

Water

H2O

Carbon dioxide

CO2

Carbon monoxide

CO

Oxygen gas

O2

Hydrogen gas

H2

Nitrogen gas

N2

Methane

CH4

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Sulfuric acid

H2SO4

Nitric acid

HNO3

Sodium chloride (table salt)

NaCl

Sodium hydroxide

NaOH

Potassium hydroxide

KOH

Calcium hydroxide (limewater)

Ca(OH)2

Calcium carbonate (limestone / marble)

CaCO3

Copper(II) sulfate

CuSO4

Magnesium oxide

MgO

Iron(III) oxide (rust)

Fe2O3

Glucose

C6H12O6

Ammonia

NH3

Combustion of methane (complete)

CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O (combustion reaction)

Combustion of hydrogen gas

2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O (combustion / synthesis reaction)

Incomplete combustion of methane

2CH4 + 3O2 -> 2CO + 4H2O (or CH4 + O2 -> C + 2H2O)

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Aerobic cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

General word equation: Acid + Base (neutralisation)

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

Neutralisation of hydrochloric acid by sodium hydroxide

HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O

Neutralisation of sulfuric acid by potassium hydroxide

H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O

General word equation: Acid + Metal

Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen gas

Reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2 (single displacement reaction)

Reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid

Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2 (single displacement reaction)

General word equation: Acid + Metal Carbonate

Acid + Metal Carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

Reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid

CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2 (decomposition reaction)

Thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate

CuCO3 -> CuO + CO2 (decomposition reaction)

Rusting of iron (summary equation)

4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O -> 4Fe(OH)3 or 2Fe2O3.3H2O (oxidation reaction)

Reaction of sodium with water

2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2 (single displacement / redox)

Reaction of potassium with water

2K + 2H2O -> 2KOH + H2 (single displacement / redox)

Formation of magnesium oxide from elements

2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO (synthesis / oxidation reaction)

Displacement: Iron reacting with copper(II) sulfate

Fe + CuSO4 -> FeSO4 + Cu (single displacement reaction)

Precipitation: Silver nitrate and sodium chloride

AgNO3 + NaCl -> AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (double displacement / precipitation)

Precipitation: Barium chloride and sodium sulfate

BaCl2 + Na2SO4 -> BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl (precipitation reaction)

Sulfate ion formula and charge

SO4^2-

Nitrate ion formula and charge

NO3^-

Carbonate ion formula and charge

CO3^2-

Hydroxide ion formula and charge

OH^-

Ammonium ion formula and charge

NH4^+

Phosphate ion formula and charge

PO4^3-

Test for carbon dioxide (limewater test)

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -> CaCO3(s) + H2O (precipitation turns limewater cloudy)

Corrosion of aluminium (protective oxide layer)

4Al + 3O2 -> 2Al2O3 (oxidation reaction)

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2 (decomposition reaction)

Synthesis of ammonia (Haber process)

N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3 (synthesis / combination reaction)

Reaction: Acid + Metal Oxide

Acid + Metal Oxide -> Salt + Water (neutralisation reaction)

Reaction between copper(II) oxide and sulfuric acid

CuO + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + H2O (neutralisation)

State symbol for an aqueous solution

(aq)

State symbol for a precipitate or solid

(s)