Inglês: Gramática e Léxico (págs. 30, 31, 40, 41-46)

Cartões · 30

Suffix '-able' / '-ible'

Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning 'capable of being' or 'worthy of' (e.g., readable, divisible).

Suffix '-ment'

Added to verbs to form nouns referring to an action, process, or result (e.g., enjoyment, movement).

Suffix '-ful'

Added to nouns to form adjectives meaning 'full of' or 'characterized by' (e.g., hopeful, painful).

Suffix '-less'

Added to nouns to form adjectives meaning 'without' or 'lacking' (e.g., helpless, care-free).

Suffix '-ize' / '-ise'

Added to nouns or adjectives to form verbs meaning 'to make or become' (e.g., modernize, summarize).

Suffix '-ity'

Added to adjectives to form abstract nouns indicating a state or quality (e.g., reality, activity).

Expressing Purpose: 'to' + infinitive

Used to explain why someone does something (e.g., 'She called to ask a question').

Expressing Purpose: 'in order to'

A formal way to express purpose followed by a base verb (e.g., 'He left early in order to catch the train').

Expressing Purpose: 'so as to'

A formal structure expressing purpose, often used in negative form 'so as not to' (e.g., 'Speak quietly so as not to wake them').

Expressing Purpose: 'so that' + clause

Used when the subject of the main clause and purpose clause are different; followed by a subject and modal verb (can/could/will/would).

Expressing Purpose: 'for' + noun / '-ing'

Used to state the general purpose of a thing ('for' + -ing) or an intended target ('for' + noun).

Noun-Noun Compound Definition

A compound noun formed by two nouns together, where the first noun acts like an adjective describing the second.

Noun-Noun Compound: Stress Pattern

In spoken English, the primary stress usually falls on the first noun (e.g., BOOKstore, COFFEE cup).

Noun-Noun Compound: Singular First Noun Rule

The first noun is usually singular even if it has a plural meaning (e.g., 'car park', not 'cars park').

Noun-Noun Compound: Material/Source vs Purpose

Can express what something is made of (glass bottle) or what it is used for (water bottle).

Modal: 'Can' (Ability & Permission)

Expresses general present ability ('I can swim') or informal permission ('Can I leave?').

Modal: 'Could' (Past Ability & Possibility)

Expresses general past ability ('I could swim at age five') or present/future possibility ('It could rain').

Modal: 'May' (Formal Permission & Possibility)

Used to ask/give formal permission ('May I come in?') or express possibility ('It may snow').

Modal: 'Might' (Weak Possibility)

Expresses a lower probability or uncertainty about present or future events ('I might join later').

Modal: 'Must' (Obligation & Deduction)

Expresses strong personal obligation ('I must study') or logical deduction ('He must be tired').

Modal: 'Mustn't' (Prohibition)

Expresses that something is strictly forbidden or not allowed ('You mustn't park here').

Modal: 'Have to' (External Obligation)

Expresses an obligation imposed by external rules, laws, or circumstances ('I have to wear a uniform').

Modal: 'Don't have to' (Lack of Obligation)

Expresses that an action is optional or unnecessary ('You don't have to pay today').

Modal: 'Should' / 'Ought to' (Advice)

Used to give advice, recommendations, or express expectation ('You should see a doctor').

Modal: 'Would' (Hypothetical & Polite Requests)

Used in conditional sentences or for polite offers/requests ('Would you like some tea?').

Modal + Perfect Infinitive ('Modal + have + V3')

Used to make deductions, express regrets, or criticize past actions (e.g., 'should have studied', 'must have left').

Modal: 'May have' / 'Might have'

Expresses a past possibility that is uncertain ('She might have forgotten the meeting').

Modal: 'Could have'

Expresses a past ability or possibility that was not realized ('You could have won the race').

Modal: 'Must have'

Expresses a strong logical conclusion about a past event ('The ground is wet; it must have rained').

Modal: 'Can't have' / 'Couldn't have'

Expresses a belief that a past event was impossible ('He can't have said that!').